Positron emission tomography (PET), called PET scan for «positron emission tomography» in English, is a medical imaging method practiced by specialists in nuclear medicine which makes it possible to measure metabolic or molecular activity in three dimensions. of an organ thanks to the emissions produced by positrons (positrons in English) from a radioactive product injected beforehand. PET is based on the general principle of scintigraphy, which consists in injecting a tracer whose behavior and biological properties are known to obtain an image of the functioning of an organ or the presence of a molecular target. This tracer is marked by a radioactive atom (carbon, fluorine, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) which emits positrons whose annihilation produces two photons. It is the coincidence detection of these photons which allows the localization of the place of their emission and therefore the concentration of the tracer at each point of the organ. It is this quantitative information that is represented in the form of an image showing in color the areas of high concentration of the tracer.
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